A child with a Learning Disorder (LD) shows difficulty in acquiring competence in reading, mathematics, written expression or social skills appropriate for age, schooling and level of intelligence. The major types of Learning Disorders are Reading Disorder, Mathematics Disorder, Disorder of Written Expression, and Nonverbal Learning Disorder - ( a deficit in social awareness) Ten to 25% of individuals with Learning Disorders have associated problems such as Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Cause: Learning Disorders are thought to be due to variations in brain structure and function. Underlying abnormalities in cognitive processing (e.g., deficits in visual perception, linguistic processes, attention, or memory, or a combination) often precede or are associated with Learning Disorders. Genetic predisposition, perinatal injury, and various neurological or other general medical conditions may be associated with Learning Disorders, but the presence of such conditions does not necessarily predict a Learning Disorder. Learning Disorders are, however, frequently found in association with a variety of general medical conditions (e.g., lead poisoning, fetal alcohol syndrome, or fragile X syndrome).
Treatment: includes the design of individualized learning strategies and modifications in school requirements. Cooperation between family and schools is crucial.
